1

Isaiah 11-12 is a messianic and eschatological prophecy. It begins by identifying the king.1

There shall come forth a shoot from the stump of Jesse, and a branch from his roots shall bear fruit. (Isaiah 11:1 ESV)
ויצא חטר מגזע ישי ונצר משרשיו יפרה

The king is identified using two terms, גֶּזַע and שֶׁרֶשׁ. גֶּזַע is only used three times in the Old Testament: here, Isaiah 40:24, and Job 14:8. the exact meaning is debatable. The second term means "root."

The Rod from the "stump" of Jesse would identify the future king as a descendant of David. The Branch from the "root" seemingly looks back in time to who established Jesse. As a way to identify a single ancestor from Jesse, this double identification seems unnecessary. On the other hand the two-fold description could identify two: one descended from Jesse and one from before Jesse.

Based on the LORD's selection of David "...I have provided for myself a king among his sons.” (1 Samuel 16:1) the "root of Jesse" might be taken as a divine entity, not as a reference to David.

The LXX eliminates the first term and uses ῥίζα, "root" for both:

And a rod shall come out of the root of Iessai, and a blossom shall come up out of his root. (LXX-Isaiah 11:1 NETS)
καὶ ἐξελεύσεται ῥάβδος ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης Ιεσσαι καὶ ἄνθος ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης ἀναβήσεται

By placing the sole emphasis on the second means of identifying the future king, it seems as if the intention is to heighten the messianic focus of the passage, and by eliminating the first reference to a Davidic figure, envisions a divine Messiah.

Is the "root of Jesse" in the LXX, a reference to a divine Messiah?


1. Benjamin D. Sommer, The Jewish Study Bible, Edited by Adele Berlin and Marc Zvi Brettler, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 807

2
  • 1
    I am struggling to understand what question you are asking here. Isa 11 is a well-recognized messianic prophecy whether one takes the MT or LXX. It simply says that Messiah will come from the line of Jesse through David, the youngest of Jesse's children. So, what is your question?
    – Dottard
    Commented Feb 16, 2023 at 20:55
  • ῥίζας ἐθνῶν ἐξέτιλεν ὁ κύριος Book of Sirach 10:15
    – user11928
    Commented Feb 16, 2023 at 23:06

4 Answers 4

0

It appears that the apostle Paul believed the prophecy of Isa 11 was fulfilled in Messiah, Jesus Christ:

Isa 11:10 (MT) - On that day the Root of Jesse will appear, One who will arise to rule over the Gentiles; in Him the Gentiles will put their hope 

Isa 11:10 (LXX) - And in that day there shall be a Root of Jesse, and he that shall arise to rule over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles trust, and his rest shall be glorious.

Rom 15:9, 12 - so that the Gentiles may glorify God for His mercy. As it is written: ... And once more, Isaiah says: “The Root of Jesse will appear, One who will arise to rule over the Gentiles; in Him the Gentiles will put their hope.”

Thus, the prophecy of Isa 11 is about the rise of Messiah from the royal line of David in very poetical & metaphoric language. It also includes the fact that Jesus will miraculously arise from this royal line at a time when that royal line (and its royal privileges) would appear dead. Thus, Jesus is often said to be "The Son of David", Matt 1:1, 15:22, 20:31, Mark 10:47, 48, Luke 18:38, etc.

APPENDIX - Comments on Matt 2:23

Many commentators (eg, Ellicott, Barnes, Meyer, Benson, Cambridge, JFB, etc.) believe that Isa 11:1 is a prophecy of Jesus Christ. Of these, Ellicott is typical:

No such words are to be found in the Old Testament. It is not likely that the Evangelist would have quoted from any apocryphal prophecy, nor is there any trace of the existence of such a prophecy. The true explanation is to be found in the impression made on his mind by the verbal coincidence of fact with prediction. He had heard men speak with scorn of “the Nazarene,” and yet the very syllables of that word had also fallen on his ears in one of the most glorious of the prophecies admitted to be Messianic—“There shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a Netzer (Branch) shall grow out of his roots” (Isaiah 11:1). So he found in the word of scorn the nomen et omen of glory. The town of Nazareth probably took its name from this meaning of the word, as pointing, like our -hurst and -holt, to the trees and shrubs for which it was conspicuous. The general reference to the prophets is explained by the fact that the same thought is expressed in Jeremiah 23:5; Jeremiah 33:15; Zechariah 3:8; Zechariah 6:12, though there the Hebrew word is Zemach, and not Netzer.

0

The branch of Jesse is a man,GOD is not double toung. Jesus is the branch of David not the branch of Jesse, you can't be Both! The Branch of Jesse is here and He is I.

1
  • 1
    Your answer could be improved with additional supporting information. Please edit to add further details, such as citations or documentation, so that others can confirm that your answer is correct. You can find more information on how to write good answers in the help center.
    – Community Bot
    Commented Apr 7 at 13:11
0

Revelation 22:16

16 “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to give you[a] this testimony for the churches. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, and the bright Morning Star.” Jesus said before Abraham was I am so that is why he was the root of David/Jesse as well as their offspring.

Psalm 110:1 ►

Of David. A psalm. The LORD says to my lord: “Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.”

Jesus stumps the pharisees with that in the NT. There are prophecies to David his son would build a house, and rule the throne forever partially fulfilled in Solomon, the star of David in the old testament, and then fully in Jesus that built the new covenant house of God the temple the church.

The synagogue of satan have a different star of David from the oral torah. His symbol is the hexagram. He will be king of Israel, king of the Jews once he gets here too except he will behead anyone that doesn't worship him. Revelation 13.

0

Isaiah 11 seems to me to define the Messiah myth. Both for Christians, for whom it refers to Jesus, and for Jews who believe either in the Messiah of David, or in the 2 messiahs (of Joseph and of David). I can't see how to read it EXCEPT as referring to the Messiah.

Like others, I'm not sure why you mentioned the LXX, or exactly what your question is.

You are looking at Isa 1.1 and making a contrast between the two clauses. I'm sure that's a mistake. The two are parallel, and refer to the same figure. He is a shoot from a stump, and a branch from a root.

As the root is Jesse, most people think it refers to a descendant of David, who will be the Messiah. This is the most intuitive interpretation.

The Targum makes this intuition clear:

And a king shall come forth from the sons of Jesse, and from his children's children the Messiah shall be anointed.

Note that the Targum, like you, assumes a king. I think it is reading choter as meaning staff or ruler, like the LXX ῥάβδος. (But I see no necessity to read it that way.) The reference to the Messiah is entirely inferred, of course. (Targum does that.)

Another way to interpret is that the expected Messiah will be David himself, redivivus. I'm sure that was one view. I believe there's yet another view that David will return and be the Messiah's lieutenant.

If your question meant "will the messiah be a divine figure or just an anointed king who will be a savior in war", ie. a human figure or a divine emanation, I think the answer is the latter. Look at the other place the term "root of Jesse" is used..

Isa 11:10 In that day the root of Jesse, who shall stand as a signal for the peoples—of him shall the nations inquire, and his resting place shall be glorious.

The word for inquire / seek is darash. It's never used of looking to a king or leader. Always to Yhwh, or a foreign god, or a necromancer, or a prophet. So there's no doubt. The Messiah is a kind of Divine figure of some sort.

Have a look at the LXX of that verse btw.

(LXX) καὶ ἔσται ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ἡ ῥίζα τοῦ Ιεσσαι καὶ ὁ ἀνιστάμενος ἄρχειν ἐθνῶν, ἐπ' αὐτῷ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσιν, Καὶ ἔσται ἡ ἀνάπαυσις αὐτοῦ τιμή. (EngLXX) And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, and he that shall arise to rule over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles trust, and his rest shall be glorious.

It could mean rule, or lead, which is not quite what he Hebrew says. I do wonder if the LXX has been christianized. Rom 15.12 agrees with the LXX verbatim (lacking the final bit). Elpizw "expect" has connotations of Messianic expectations.

The Targum, btw, clearly thinks the Messiah is a descendant of David, not David himself.

And there shall be at that time a son of the son of Jesse, who shall stand for an ensign of the people; kings shall obey him, and the place of his dwelling shall be in glory. (1.10)

The word for ensign, btw, is nes. It inevitably connotes the serpent that was lifted up in the wilderness in Num 21.8. There the purpose was to heal the "bitten". But in Isaiah it clearly has the Messianic meaning of being a standard to which the remnants of Israel from all 4 corners of the earth will come to gather. Making a highway as they come.

This, btw, is how it is to be understood in the Didache. It gives us an insight into the meaning of the feeding of the 5,000, and of the Eucharist.

It's not important, btw, but I am pretty sure the Hebrew text of Isa 1.10 has lost something. It should say "a branch/shoot FROM the root of Jesse".

You should also look at Isa 14.29. There my translation says "from the serpent's root". Shoresh nachash. But it is clearly also referring to the Messiah. My Targum even translates it as "the root of Jesse", ie the Messiah. Because, of course, Nachash (or snake) is an alternative name of Jesse. Intriguing, no? My intuition, for which I have no support, is that the name Jesse was another word suggesting snake. enter image description here

The connection between the Messiah and the serpent that is lifted up is, in my view, fundamental. He is the saraph m'uph , the fiery serpent, or adder.

1
  • Stromberg: The "Root of Jesse" in Isaiah 11:10 - gives convincing evidence that shoresh is used to refer to offspring. He cites Ben Sirach and even the Ugaritic poem of Aqhatu. So there is nothing missing from 11.10. However, he regards the verse as later than 11.1 , to "join two otherwise unrelated oracles, one of a king in vv. 1-9 and the other of a return of exiles in vv. 11-16.7". Commented Oct 5 at 15:47

Your Answer

By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service and acknowledge you have read our privacy policy.

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.