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In Matthew 11:10 we read that Christ said of John the Baptist in reference to his role of heralding and preparing the way for Christ:

Matthew 11:7-10 (DRB) 7 And when they went their way, Jesus began to say to the multitudes concerning John: What went you out into the desert to see? a reed shaken with the wind? 8 But what went you out to see? a man clothed in soft garments? Behold they that are clothed in soft garments, are in the houses of kings. 9 But what went you out to see? a prophet? yea I tell you, and more than a prophet. 10 For this is he of whom it is written: Behold I send my angel before thy face, who shall prepare thy way before thee.

However, the subject of Malachi 3:1 which He is quoting is quite obviously יהוה, God:

Malachi 3:1 (DRB) 1 Behold I send my angel, and he shall prepare the way before my face [לְפָנָ֑י/προσώπου μου]. And presently the Lord, whom you seek, and the angel of the testament, whom you desire, shall come to his temple. Behold he cometh, saith the Lord of hosts.

He apparently without scruple makes Himself the referent of a pronoun referring directly and explicitly to יהוה.

Question

Is Jesus inconspicuously conflating Himself with יהוה? (Cf. Mark 1:2-3).

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    ...as he does, inconspicuously or not, all over (cf. Matt 23:37) Commented May 23, 2018 at 19:23
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    It looks more like Exodus 23:20, or a mix between the Exodus and Malachi verse
    – b a
    Commented May 23, 2018 at 20:04
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    Jesus makes comment about 'Christ' but where does he claim that he and Christ are the same individual ? Quoting texts about the Messiah does not (of itself) imply that he is speaking of himself. Nor was it (yet) revealed that Messiah would be Divine. Only in resurrection is Jesus Christ declared to be the Son of God.
    – Nigel J
    Commented May 23, 2018 at 20:56
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    Jesus most definitely identifies as the Christ, and the Son of God: Matthew 16:13-20. Commented May 23, 2018 at 22:57
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    @Ruminator Unfortunately, you've changed my question, not clarified it. Commented May 23, 2018 at 23:00

6 Answers 6

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He posits Himself on the same level with God not only by interpreting the Old Testament statements as referring to Himself as equal to God, as He evidently does here, or also in Matt 22:45, where He asserts that David the Psalmist regarded Him as his Lord in the verse "Lord said to my Lord: 'sit at My right hand...'" (now, nobody is above King on the earth, and no angel, even the highest among them, can be acclaimed "Lord" without a blasphemy, thus the one acclaimed and worshiped by David as "Lord" is beyond angels and on the same level as Lord, this "on the same level" expressed by the metaphoric saying "at My right hand").

However, He also does not shun to unequivocally posit Himself on the same level with Lord also without any reference to the Old Testament, just asserting authoritatively, as the Fountainhead of truth who does not even require a prophetic authority, as for instance in Matt 11:27 "no one knoweth the Son, save the Father; neither doth any know the Father, save the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son willeth to reveal him" - equality of this exclusive mutual knowledge necessarily implies the equality of their ontological standing.

This may also explain Jesus' freedom in referring to the Old Testament texts: in fact, His words are not like those of pharisees and sadducees who first quote precisely and then interpret, but "by authority" (Luke 4:32), that is to say, He does not slavishly follow the precision of the biblical oracle, but modifies at will this very oracle, never rejecting it, but giving to it a newer twist, and putting there a newer insight. No surprise, because the one who can claim His divinity even without any reference to the Scriptures, as indicated above, how much more can do so by a reference to the Scriptures with a modified text: if He is what He claims Himself to be, then the very Scriptures were inspired by Him in the prophets, and the Inspirer is in not a tiny bit subject to the letter of the inspiration, but has authority to modify it at will. Here also, He interprets and modifies at will the very letter of the Old Testament text, indicating his full equality with the Father, for John is preaching for preparation of people for acceptance of the Messiah Jesus, but the Latter is the one in whom the entire fulness of Godhead is present bodily (Col. 2:9), ergo, who is God incarnate.

Thus, the passage from Malachi is reinterpreted in this new light: if God wills to come to humans in the most intimate relationship so as to become Himself human, and this is to be prefigured and prepared by His angel, it will be furnished through His Son, who, as Son is equal to Him; and therefore, Malachi now is re-interpreted in this new light. To give an analogy: if, say, Roger Federer will write some guys who do not know what tennis is: "I will send my builders to prepare court, then I will come and play a set in front of you", and then when his partner, say, Nadal, arrives together with him, Nadal says: "As is written in the [Federer's] letter: 'I shall send my builders to prepare court, then We will come and play a set in front of you'". Nadal here, by changing the "I" by "we", would simply modify the letter of Federer's letter not only without damaging the meaning of it, but even with filling it with a new necessary insight that it is impossible for Federer to show properly how he plays a set without a partner of his level of play, as it is impossible for the Father to enter into intimate relationships with humans without His Son's becoming a human.

Again: when Jesus changes the wording of the divine oracle in the Holy Scripture, He simply gives a message that He is the master over the oracle and not vice-versa. The change of the wording is never abolishing the wording's essence itself, but only reveals it with a greater clarity. For instance, when He responds to Satan that "it is written 'Worship the Lord your God, and serve him only'", He misquotes the Deut. 6:13, for there is not "worship", but "fear", and there is not written "only", but just "Lord your God". But can we say such a nonsense that Jesus lies because He says about something that is not written as written, and thus revealing Himself as at best irresponsible quoter, and at worst - a liar and as such an immoral person? Idiocy even to suppose this! Jesus masters the entirety of truth, its very essence, and when He, in this instance adds "only", He reveals the hidden essence of the Deut. 6:13 that God of Israel is such a one that worshiping Him excludes worshiping any other deity, thus addition of "only" is a clarifying one, revealing the essence of reality and truth, not in any way deviation from it, but rather penetrating its depths. The same is true here with the Malachi quotation also: the Father can not, that is to say, is ontologically unable either to create the world (John 1:1-3), or to save humanity without His Only-Begotten Son, and therefore the Son, being necessary for the Father, shares divinity with Him, so that "preparation of ways before Me", can be freely rephrased as "preparation of ways before Him (i.e. My Only-Begotten Son)". This modification does not forfeit in any way the truth of the Malachi, but on the contrary, reveals its hidden depth, leading us to the acknowledgment of Godhead of Jesus Christ.

Thus, yes, in Matt 11:10 He posits Himself on the level of Lord, the one to whom worship pertains, and not all that inconspicuously, but quite conspicuously for Jews versed in the Holy Scriptures.

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  • In Mc 7:6, when we read τιμα as subjunctive instead of indicative, we stand in the same understanding that J.C refers to himself as God : " ως γεγραπται ουτος ο λαος τοις χειλεσιν με τιμα « η δε καρδια αυτων πορρω απεχει απ εμου » " -> "as it is written that this people honour me "but their heart stand far from me"". Is 29:13 : "ὁ λαὸς οὗτος τοῖς χείλεσιν αὐτῶν τιμῶσίν με, ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ ἐμοῦ" (codex Alexandrinus).
    – gustav.b
    Commented Jul 20, 2023 at 2:35
  • +1. I do not know why this was downvoted but I have no upvoted it to balance it out.
    – Dottard
    Commented Mar 18 at 9:23
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    @Dottard Thanks! As I see I will have to soon update my post and instead of Federer/Nadal put there Alcaras/Sinner)) Commented Mar 18 at 9:32
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Although John the Baptist recognized Jesus is the Messiah at time of Jesus Baptism, none of the others, including John's disciples understood John's witness (John 1:29-34). In the early ministry of Jesus, Jesus was not intended to reveal himself is the Messiah. It was almost three years later, in the region of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, “Who do people say the Son of Man is?”. Matthew 16:14-17 record the dialogue of Jesus and his disciples (NIV)

14 They replied, “Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets.”

15 “But what about you?” he asked. “Who do you say I am?”

16 Simon Peter answered, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.”

17 Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood, but by my Father in heaven.

Now, it should be well understood why Jesus changed the quote in Malachi 3:1 from "my face" to "your face". As by that time (Matthew 11:10), it was not the hour Jesus wanted to reveal himself is the Messiah.

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The text is clearly midrashic, where the verse is interpreted as Messianic. The Malachi verse mentions the Lord in third person, thus, a clear potential for seeing two Lords there.

Malachi 3:1 (NHEB) "Look, I send my messenger, and he will prepare the way before me; and the Lord, whom you seek, will suddenly come to his temple; and the messenger of the covenant, whom you desire, look, he comes." says the LORD of hosts.

The change from me to you, is the exposition or midrash. Just like the Psalms 110:1 "Lord said to my Lord". Either the reference of the messenger/angel of the covenant is interpreted as the divine Messiah, or the Lord. Hence, this is not unusual to interpret that the verse applies to the Messiah, since his way is the Lord's way. The Jewish surviving commentaries apply the verse to Israel, which is also the figure for the Messiah as well. The Messiah is the true Israel in prophecies. See Devarim Rabbah 4:11. This approach of expositions was the norm during the time. It's not a direct quotation but exposition, just as Paul does about the allegorical "seed" argument. But the Messianic reference to this prophecy is far more easier and objective.

Remember the text is showing the meaning, not a direct quotation. Study the Jewish Rabbinic interpretations of scripture for better understanding.

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Jesus throughout the gospels speaks cryptically about himself as to not allow the house of Israel to really know who he is. He shows them instead of tells them. Speaking in parables and reciting scripture so as not to foil the agenda of the Father by revealing himself to his brothers before he is killed.

This is in contrast to the Samaritan woman (gentile) who he directly confesses who he is.

John 4:25 - The woman said to Him, “I know that Messiah is coming” (who is called Christ). “When He comes, He will tell us all things.”Jesus said to her, “I who speak to you am He.”

Jesus has no problem directly revealing himself to the gentiles, but to the Jews he conceals.

However to his own disciples he tells them by quoting the scriptures. In the case of Malachi it is about YHWH and in Jesus' case he is using it to reveal to his followers who he is without saying it himself.

The interpretation of the scriptures rightfully should be messenger of the Lord rather than angel, throughout the OT from Exodus to Malachi especially since in Zechariah this "angel of the Lord" is sitting on a throne.

Messenger is directly related to the word of God, making a better translation of these passages. He is the living messenger who brings the message whether written or spoken and fulfills them.

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Agent, Encyclopedia of the Jewish Religion, R.J.Z Werblowski, G Wigoder, 1986, p. 15. Agent (Hebrew. Shaliach); The main point of the Jewish law of agency is expressed in the dictum, “a person’s agent is regarded as the person himself” (Ned. 72B; Kidd, 41b) Therefore, any act committed by a duly appointed agent is regarded as having been committed by the principal, who therefore bears full responsibility for it.

Jesus, during his ministry used the Jewish law of agency to apply the Old Testament prophecies to himself, one of the best passages to illustrate this is Isaiah 9:6 (NASB) "For a Child will be born to us, a Son will be given to us; And the government will rest on His shoulders; And His name will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Eternal Father, Prince of Peace."

The people of Isaiah's day had no idea of the variety of views of God that we have today, whether Unitarian, Binatarian, Trinitarian, Modalism (Oneness), Arianism along with many other views in Christianity today.

When they heard or read the prophecy from Isaiah they heard that there would be a human agent of God, this carried over to Jesus day, they were not looking for a God-man. Even today the orthodox Jews are still looking for a human agent.

So when we read passages such as Matthew 11:10; and Jesus is quoting Malachi 3:1, He was telling the audience that he was speaking to at that moment that he was God's agent. He had to, blasphemy was still punishable by death under the Jewish old covenant faith. This is exactly what he did throughout his ministry.

Deuteronomy 6:4 (NASB) “Hear, Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord is one!" The Jews of Jesus day would have no idea's or understanding other than God is one, no other formulations were known. https://onenessrefutation.com/biblical-agency/#:~:text=Shaliach)%3B%20The%20main%20point,bears%20full%20responsibility%20for%20it.

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It would indeed be disturbing if Jesus prefaced an intentional misrepresentation of the scriptures, with a view to self-deification, with the solemn invocation, "as it is written"! That would be game over for the Christian faith.

However, it must be admitted that the words Jesus recites do not appear in any extant hebrew or lxx text:

Matthew 11:10

DRB (from Latin Vulgate) Behold I send my angel before thy face, who shall prepare thy way before thee.

KJV (Masoretic) Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee. 

Malachi 3:1:

KJV (Masoretic) Behold, I will send my messenger, and he shall prepare the way before me:

Brenton lxx  Behold, I send forth my messenger, and he shall survey the way before me:

Lexham English Septuagint “Behold, I send my messenger, and he will observe the way before my face.

It appears that Matthew takes "my" from the masoretic "me" and "face" from the lxx. And he takes "prepare" from the masoretic.

All this leads me to surmise:

  • perhaps Matthew/Jesus accurately cites a version of the masoretic or lxx that is no longer extant

  • or, perhaps Matthew's memory was imperfect

  • or, perhaps Matthew/Jesus adapted it, not to claim "deity" but rather to show that it was about himself, the messiah

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  • Why would Matthew cherry pick words from different versions? Why toss to and fro between LXX and Masoretic texts? If he did that, then it is either Jesus did not quote Mal.3:1 or he misrepresented Him. Besides, Luke's quote of Jesus is similar to that of Matthew. That makes it difficult to believe that Matthew jumped between LXX and Masoretic texts. I believe they quoted Jesus as it was spoken. Commented Dec 6 at 21:34

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