Why did YHVH tell נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֧ר Nebuchadnezzar (King of Bavel מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל) in both Psalm 137:9 & Isaiah 13:16 that : עוֺלְלִי-ךְ "Your-Infants" will be dashed on a rock?
- Because Exodus 20:3-5
- Because Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the House of YHVH and claimed in [Isaiah 14:14] that “I [Nebuchadnezzar] will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will liken myself to the Most High” (אֶֽעֱלֶ֖ה עַל־בָּ֣מֳתֵי עָ֑ב אֶדַּמֶּ֖ה לְעֶלְיֽוֹן).
The harsh prophecy of בָּבֶל Bavel ("Babylon") which Isaiah (son of Amoz) prophesied in Isaiah 13:1-22 is repeated in [Tehillim | Psalms 137:9]
In [Isaiah 13] verse 16, the prophet יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ. Yeshayahu originally stated : "And [ their-Infants ] shall be dashed before their eyes; their houses pillaged, and their wives ravished." (וְעֹֽלְלֵיהֶ֥ם יְרֻטְּשׁ֖וּ לְעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם יִשַּׁ֙סּוּ֙ בָּֽתֵּיהֶ֔ם וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם תִּשָּׁכַֽבְנָה (כתיב תִּשָּׁגַֽלְנָה) )
The word עֹל Ol = "yoke" (Burden) also found in [Lamentations 3:27] looks similar to the word עֹלֵל Olel = "infant" first found in [1 Samuel 15:3].
The objects of Isaiah's curse for Bavel is : Olelei-hem עֹֽלְלֵיהֶ֥ם = "their-Infants" like we find in [Hoshea 14:1] in the Hebrew Tanakh.
Isaiah curses Bavel's Infants with the verb : Yerutshu יְרֻטְּשׁ֖וּ = "they [m.] will be dismembered" just like the phrase used in Hoshea 14:1 of the Tanakh.
The phrase : עֹֽלְלֵיהֶ֣ם יְרֻטָּ֔שׁוּ from [Isaiah 13:16] the prophesy for Bavel is changed in [Psalm 137 verse 9] to second person possessive : Olelayi-kh עֽוֹלָלַ֔יִךְ = "Your-Infants". - Also the the cursing verb in Psalms 137:9 is no longer יְרֻטְּשׁ֖וּ Yerutshu but נִפֵּץ Nipets meaning "disseminated".
[Tehillim | Psalms 137:9] "Praiseworthy is he who will take and dash [ Your-Infants ] against the-rock." (אַשְׁרֵ֚י | שֶׁיֹּאחֵ֓ז וְנִפֵּ֬ץ אֶת־עֹ֜לָלַ֗יִךְ אֶל־הַסָּֽלַע)
- This prophecy is restating the terms of Exodus 20:5 for Babylonian worship of Nebuchadnezzar.