Questions tagged [textual-criticism]
The art/science of textual criticism attempts to reconstruct the oldest or original wording of a given text.
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Were David's 7.5 years in Hebron only restricted to his rule over Judah?
My question initially revolves around the discrepancy in the length of the reign of Ishbosheth and David, who, although parallel, reigned 2 and 7.5 years respectively before David conquered Jerusalem:
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Are there any first century non-Biblical manuscripts attesting that writers in Palestine would write like the Alexandrian type-text?
I have read several books on both camps about whether the Byzantine text-type or Alexandrian text-types are in general closer to the autographs. However, the greater question is how the Apostles (or ...
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Elam and Assur, sons of Shem, were born before/during the Flood?
My question is based especially on the way the account of Shem's descendants in Genesis 10 is arranged:
Genesis 10:22 (KJV)
The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.
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Is the “If” in Romans 4:24 present in the original Greek. If not, why is that included in some translations?
Romans 4:24(KJV) reads: “But for us also, to whom it shall be
imputed, if we believe on him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the
dead;”
The Young’s Literal Translation of this verse reads :
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Which manuscripts contain 'It is hard for you to kick against the goads' in Acts 9:5?
The KJV and NKJV appear to be the only English translations that include the sentence 'It is hard for you to kick against the goads.' at the end of Acts 9:5. When I look at an interlinear for this ...
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were some verses after Mark 10.46 deleted?
I have read somewhere that one of the ancient church fathers quoted wiped out verses after Mark 10.46, but only partially. It was also said, that maybe there was written some issues, that couldn't be ...
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The reading of the Ethiopian eunuch conversion story without Acts 8:37
"Acts 8:37 is widely seen by Textual Critics to be a later interpolation into the text. [...] It has generally been assumed that the verse was initially a margin added by those who found the ...
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What is the correct translation of the ending of 2 Peter 3:17?
It seems the Greek word used in Peter is only used once in the New Testament for the ending of 2 Peter 3:17 - στηριγμός
“Therefore, dear friends, since you have been forewarned, be on your guard so ...
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Alternative translations for Exodus 6:20 and the relationship between Amram and Jochebed
I am currently working with Biblical chronology, and I am now at the point involving the birth of Moses, as well as his parents. Regarding them, we have the following information in Exodus:
Exodus 6:...
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What is the origin of the Kenites?
In Genesis 15:19, Kenites were first mentioned, where did they came after the global flood since the only survivors were 4 couples?
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What is the textual significance of the absence of 'from the foundation of the world ' in Revelation 20:15 and its implication on 'eternal security'?
In Revelation 13:8 and 17:8 -both passages give out the timeline of the names written in the book of life as "from the foundation of the world, which is absent in 20:15.
Text: Revelation 20:15 (...
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What is the provenance of Genesis 50:33 in the Joseph Smith Translation?
The Joseph Smith Translation of Genesis contains a curious verse which does not appear to be attested in the Masoretic Text. It's apparently often used as a proof-text for the Mormon religion:
And ...
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Who was responsible for adding words into John 1:18?
No one has ever seen God, but the one and only Son, who is himself God and[a] is in closest relationship with the Father, has made him known.
To give credit where deserved, the phrase was not included ...
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How could some verses such as Matthew 18:11 have been added to some translations?
I’m trying to answer that question properly but I can’t find a better answer than using the history of the preservation itself
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Why wouldn’t the Bible ever mention about swarms of flies being around the Temple altars? [closed]
Q: What often occurred at the Temple? A: Animal sacrifices.
Q: What would lots of animal blood and burnt flesh attract? A: Flies.
Q: What can Beelzebub be translated to? A: Lord of Flies.
Q: Was ...
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Is there a Greek manuscript containing the definite article preceding the name of Jesus (ὁ Ἰησοῦς) in John 14:6?
I've been trying to find a Greek manuscript that actually includes the definite article with the name Jesus (ὁ Ἰησοῦς) in John 14:6. Codex Sinaiticus does not contain the article:
I've been led to ...
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Is the "di" in John 7:43 accusative or genitive?
John 7:43
Thus the people were divided because of him.
Does this correlate with Hebrews 1:3 and John 1:3?
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In Revelation 4:11, should "ho kyrios kai ho theos" be translated, "the LORD our God", or, "our Lord and God"?
Three major translations already render "ho kyrios kai ho theos" as "YHWH our God".
Revelation 4:11 NLT
“You are worthy, O Lord our God, to receive glory and honor and power.
For ...
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In Hebrews 2:7, why is "And set him over the works of your hands" put in brackets or even completely removed from all current translations?
(Hebrews 2:5-9 ESV translation)
For it was not to angels that God subjected the world to come, of
which we are speaking. It has been testified somewhere,
“What is man, that you are mindful of him, or ...
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Why does the LXX have 70 persons in Deuteronomy 10:22?
Please not this questions is about the specific text Deuteronomy 10:22. The question Did 70 or 75 people go down to Egypt with Jacob? does not adequately address the Deuteronomy 10:22 text. That is ...
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Deeper contextual understanding of Isaiah 51:22 "...The chalice of My anger; You will never drink it again....."
Isaiah 51:14-23
New American Standard Bible 1995
14 The [a]exile will soon be set free, and will not die in the
dungeon, nor will his bread be lacking. 15 For I am the Lord your God,
who stirs up the ...
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Mark 3:19 versification question
I was teaching from Mark 3 using the NRSV and asked for someone to read starting in v19b (after the section break).
19 and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him.
Jesus and Beelzebul
Then he went home; 20 ...
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Are there prominent textual criticism books defending the faithful preservation of the gospels in modern Bibles compared to the original manuscripts?
Numerous skeptics assert that modern Bibles are the result of a succession of copies of copies of copies of copies, implying that across centuries of transcription, translation, and interpretation, or ...
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Does Lamentations reference Hosea as source material?
Reading through Hosea after being deep in Lamentations, it seems that Lamentations (approximately exilic) references several motifs or tropes from Hosea (earlier, pre-exilic).
Does anyone know of any ...
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Is there any way to know which Bible version is correct about 1 John 5:7-8?
Some Bible versions say that there are three witnesses in heaven and that is The Father, The Son and The Spirit.
1 John 5:7-8
there are three witnesses in heaven: the Father, the Word and the Holy ...
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The Septuagint vorlage in 1 Sam. 14:41 - Give Urim/Give Thumim
The MT text reads thus:
וַיֹּאמֶר שָׁאוּל אֶל יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הָבָה תָמִים
וַיִּלָּכֵד יוֹנָתָן וְשָׁאוּל וְהָעָם יָצָאוּ.
Therefore Saul said unto the LORD God of Israel, Give a perfect ...
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What's the Scope of Isaiah's Egyptian Eschatological Inclusion and Religious Fidelity to Yahwism: Righteous Remnant Or Wholesale Redemption:?
Considering Isaiah's dominant hostile portrayal of Egypt as either
"oppressors" or "cruel masters" or a "splintered reed" and or aught to be coming to Israel in chains ...
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Is "trumpets" plural in some English translations of Psalm 47:5 based on a textual variant?
In Psalm 47:5, the NIV has
"God has ascended amid shouts of joy, the Lord amid the sounding of
trumpets."
The NLT, HCSB, CEV/GNT, and NET all similarly translate "trumpets" in ...
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What is the siglum for the Arabic Diatessaron?
I have browsed the Internet quite a bit but could not find the scribal abbreviation for the Diatessaron (maybe an established siglum for it does not exist).
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Bible (Judges 16) silence or lack of info on Delilah's physical beauty says that deceptive pretentiousness & greed are Not based on good looks [closed]
Judges 16:4-22 NASB95
4 After this it came about that he loved a woman in the valley of
Sorek, whose name was Delilah. 5 The lords of the Philistines came up
to her and said to her, “Entice him, and ...
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Judges 16:4 Samson "loved a woman in the valley of Sorek, whose name was Delilah". Did Samson truly love Delilah or was it sexual lust for Delilah?
Judges 16:1 NASB95
Now Samson went to Gaza and saw a harlot there, and went in to her.
Judges 16:4 NASB95
After this it came about that he loved a woman in the valley of Sorek, whose name was ...
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Knowing good before eating the fruit containing the Knowledge of Good and evil?
Question on Genesis 3:6- I'm trying to discern the correct interpretation of this verse; as we see, Eve saw that the fruit was good before she even ate the fruit that stemmed from the Tree of ...
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( Ephesians 5:26-27 ) Christian husbands take initiative to "cleansing" wives via "washing of water with the word"
https://www.bibelwissenschaft.de/en/bible/NA28/EPH.5
Epheser 5:25-28
25Οἱ ἄνδρες, ἀγαπᾶτε τὰς γυναῖκας, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἠγάπησεν τὴν > ἐκκλησίαν καὶ ἑαυτὸν παρέδωκεν ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς, 26ἵνα αὐτὴν ...
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Which is the oldest fragment of LXX containing Psalm 22:16?
As far as I am aware, LXX uses a word in this crucial verse which would uncontroversially be translated as "pierced" into English. If it predates the Roman practice of crucifixion and/or ...
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Is there any evidence that Genesis chapter 50 once contained more verses beyond verse 26?
The following is from a recent answer on CSE:
First, to show how the Book of Mormon and the Bible are related: The Bible originally contained a prophecy of Joseph, that some of his descendants would ...
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An explanation of El Shadai, please!
Does the Biblical term, El Shadai, mean mountaintop god, or perhaps, The Many Breasted God? I have seen both answers presented as truth claims!
Gen 17:1 (NLT) - When Abram was ninety-nine years old, ...
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Is the 'marveled' expression in Greek used in Mark 6:6, Luke 7:9 and Matthew 8:10 the same one?
I've head a preacher making the case for a sermon regarding this, it was very interesting. My limited insight into it seems to confirm it, but can someone help clarify?
Mark 6:6 KJV
And he marvelled ...
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Tenses in Genesis 2:4-7
There seems to be a lot of variation between the way tenses are used in this passage between translations. For example:
4 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were ...
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Is verse 7 a later addition to Matthew 22?
This verse is part of the Parable of the Wedding Feast in Matt 22:1-14. Luke does not mention the army that destroys the city in the version of Luke 14:15-23
Matt 22:7 - The king was enraged, and he ...
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Is Psalm 30:13[H] exhorting "my glory" or "my liver" (heart - keveidi[H]) to sing praises to YHVH?
In his commentary on the Psalms, Robert Alter refers to "one ancient Greek version, [reading] keveidi, 'my liver,' which he utilizes in his translation of this verse using the word 'heart' ...
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Why do some bibles place the prophecy of Four Craftsmen in Zech. 1 while others place it in Zech. 2?
Various bibles place Zechariah's prophecy of the four craftsmen (also translated as smiths, workmen and carpenters) at the end of the Book of Zechariah chapter one. Others place it at the beginning of ...
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Genesis 1:3 - Septuagint - Let there be Man?
Genesis 1:3
And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light.
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ θεός γενηθήτω φῶς καὶ ἐγένετο φῶς
Modern Koine readers will have the advantage of accent marks to tell the ...
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Job 4:6 Heb: "your fear [of God] your hope, the integrity of your ways" LXX: your fear founded in folly, your evil ways
The LXX is significantly different in this verse. Can you find scholarly comments or notes on this textual variants and the contextual analysis for a particular reading would suit Eliphaz's views? ...
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Leviticus 20:5 - Septuagint variant analyzed
For convenience, here is the passage (KJV, LXX):
Leviticus 20:5
Then I will set my face against that man, and against his family, and will cut him off, and all that go a whoring after him, to commit ...
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What are the implications of the recent finding in Vatican Library in relation to Matt 12:1?
Matthew 12:1 was in the news recently after the discovery of a hidden and over- written ancient manuscript in Syriac in the Vatican Library. The finding is important in the sense that the text ...
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Is the textual evidence to the missing ending to Mark evidence of Mark being the earliest Gospel?
Mark 16:8 seems much too abrupt for an ending to the Gospel of Mark. The textual evidence indicates that none of the four endings we now have after Mark 16:8 are original, in other words the original ...
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Why was Mtt 17: 21 as appearing in KJV skipped in other versions of NT? [duplicate]
We read in Mtt 17:18-21 (KJV)
And Jesus rebuked the devil; and he departed out of him: and the child was cured from that very hour.19 Then came the disciples to Jesus apart, and said, Why could not ...
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What does the RMS at the top of page one of Eph 1:1 of Chester Beaty Papyrus P46 mean
At the top the first page of Ephesians in Chester Beatty papyrus P46 there is a notation in the Greek letters RMS. I also notice a similar notation at the top of many of the pages, with slight ...
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Missing verset in Psalm 15:3
The verset ". . .slanders not with his tongue" is missing from the Psalm (15,3) found at Qumran. The LXX does contain this reference to slander which begs the question, at least for me, when ...
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Do translators leave out the definite article of Satan in the New Testament?
It is well known that in many cases in the Old Testament that whenever Satan is described, it is accompanied by a definite article rendering it as ‘Ha-Satan’ (The Satan).
(This question will not go ...
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