Questions tagged [textual-criticism]
The art/science of textual criticism attempts to reconstruct the oldest or original wording of a given text.
242
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Versions of Daniel not Mentioning Darius in the Sixth or Ninth Chapter
There are three main versions of the Book of Daniel : Masoretic, Old Greek, and Theodotion. However, they all read Darius (but allude to Cyrus) in both their sixth and ninth chapters.
Are there any ...
0
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1answer
57 views
What is the argument for editing the term πορνείᾳ from scripture in Romans 1:29?
In the Byzantine text πορνείᾳ is present, and other later manuscripts do not show it . The King James translators of Rom 1:29 include the term, defined as "fornication". Most other modern ...
5
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4answers
221 views
Is the word “begotten” in John 3:16 of Authorized Version a problem that creates confusion when establishing the Deity of Christ?
The Authorized Version has the word "begotten" in
John 3:16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only
begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but
have ...
2
votes
2answers
92 views
Why is it that in John 3:3 the ESV translates “be born from above” to “is born again”?
I was told that ESV uses the oldest Greek manuscripts to translate the scripture literally from Greek into English.
So why is it that in John 3:3 the ESV translates "be born from above" to "is born ...
3
votes
2answers
70 views
Matthew 5:22: Is “without cause” in the original text?
The KJV renders Mt 5:22 (emphasis added)
But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment
The Greek (emphasis added) used by this ...
2
votes
4answers
94 views
What is the correct English translation from Greek and meaning of Hebrews 1:6?
What is the correct English translation from Greek and meaning of Hebrews 1:6 ?
A few translations are:
( AKJV ) And again, when he bringeth in the firstbegotten into the world,
he saith, And ...
5
votes
1answer
159 views
What does “revocalization” mean in Bible footnotes?
For instance, the ESV adds a note to Proverbs 30:1 in regards to "I am weary, O God, and worn out.":
Revocalization; Hebrew The man declares to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal"
What is "revocalization" ...
3
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3answers
173 views
What does Isaiah mean by saying that the LORD's “hand is stretched out still”? (Is. 5:25;9:12,17,21;10:4)
I heard explained that it means that the LORD will still extend mercy in spite of sins. I have also heard that it means just the opposite-that an extended hand in ancient Near Eastern context means a ...
2
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1answer
63 views
In Hebrews 1:3 is “by himself” original?
I came across an interesting NT textual criticism site that argues that the words "by himself" are original, despite being omitted in modern English Bibles:
Heb. 1:3
In Hebrews 1:3, most modern ...
1
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2answers
49 views
Do any manuscripts of Revelation 1:18 read Ο ΩΝ instead of Ο ΖΩΝ?
To my mind, the ο ων of Exodus 3 would fit better here than ο ζων, even more naturally, with the words "I am the First and the Last," ο ων of course being the translation of the Tetragrammaton in the ...
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2answers
34 views
Verse Division in 1 Peter 3:15-16 / μετά πραΰτητος καί φόβου in
In 1 Peter 3, the Greek phrase μετά πραΰτητος καί φόβου appears in verse 15 in the Textus Receptus (https://www.blueletterbible.org/nasb/1pe/3/15/t_conc_1154015), but in verse 16 in the GNT (https://...
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2answers
54 views
Why did NA27 include 2 Corinthians 13:14?
NA27 2 Cor 1314 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν.
Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony Hort, The New Testament in ...
6
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1answer
56 views
Is “Ish-bosheth” a modified form of “Eshbaal?”
A professor of mine made an interesting claim in class today with regard to 2 Samuel 2:8:
But Abner the son of Ner, commander of Saul's army, had taken
Ish-bosheth the son of Saul and brought him ...
9
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2answers
1k views
2 Samuel 1:26 — How does the Vulgate have a sentence not present in the Masoretic text or Septuagint?
I was scrolling through English translations of David's eulogy for Saul and Jonathan and noticed the Douay-Rheims Bible/the Vulgate has an entirely new sentence/thought in verse 26.
The Masoretic ...
3
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2answers
319 views
Why is the word “honeycomb”, in Luke 24:42, missing from most Bible translations?
King James, together with a few other translations, has "fish and honeycomb" in Luke 24:42, while most other translations only mention "fish". Why is "honeycomb" missing? Is "honeycomb" a newer added ...
1
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3answers
183 views
Could Jesus actually have risen from the dead on the fourth day, instead on the third day?
I was reading Luke 24:7 just now. The verse is about an angel who tells the disciples that Jesus was going to rise the third day. I noticed that it didn’t say on the third day, or after the third day. ...
4
votes
1answer
81 views
Should we take up our cross daily or not?
In Luke 9:23 in the HCSB Jesus is quoted saying
"If anyone wants to come with Me, he must deny himself, take up his cross daily and follow Me."
In the parallel passages in Mark 8, and Matthew 16 ...
1
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2answers
161 views
God's decision regarding The Great Flood
Am curious as to how and why God went all "I'm going to get rid of ALL creation." in Genesis 6:7 to "Noah take animals with you aboard the Ark." in Genesis 6:19-20 concerning the beasts of the earth.
...
1
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2answers
186 views
Why are there only four kings of Persia in Daniel 11:2? [closed]
Daniel 11:2,
Now then, I tell you the truth: Three more kings will arise in Persia,
and then a fourth, who will be far richer than all the others. When he
has gained power by his wealth, he ...
3
votes
2answers
95 views
What is the earliest dating we can put on the orderings of the books of the Old Testament?
What is the earliest dating we can put on the ordering of the books of the Old Testament?
I understand that there are two orderings or at least, broadly, two orderings.
One being the Tanach/Tanak/...
0
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0answers
65 views
Are nomina sacra thought to have been used in the autographs?
Nomina sacra are abbreviations used for the sacred names of God, Jesus, the Spirit, etc. (though also common unsacred words such as ανθρωπος) in many Greek manuscripts. Do any approaches to textual ...
1
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1answer
74 views
What is the difference between “the law” in John 1:17 & “the law” in Galatians 4:21
John 1:17 For the law was given through Moses; grace and
truth came through Jesus Christ.
Here the scripture says law was given through Moses.
And again from
Galatians 4:21-22 Tell me, you who ...
1
vote
1answer
61 views
What are the lameds in the scribal annotations in the Aleppo Codex?
In this comment on History SE, I recalled
reading the Biblical book of 1 Kings in the Aleppo Codex (10th century AD). Where Elijah is taunting rival prophets with the suggestion that their god Ba'...
1
vote
3answers
161 views
Does 1 Peter 3:21 teach baptismal regeneration?
20Which sometime were disobedient, when once the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls were saved by water.
21The like ...
1
vote
1answer
55 views
What is the textual evidence for 'of the sins' in Colossians 2:11?
Please Note : This is a question about the TR, not about the Westcott and Hort text or the Nestle Aland text.
Stephens, Beza, Elzevir and Scrivener all include των αμαρτιων 'of the sins' in the text ...
3
votes
3answers
121 views
Meaning of “pc” in the Nestle-Aland critical apparatus (Revelation 5.10)
In Which translation for Revelation 5:10 is correct?, this answer gives a helpful explanation of which readings appear in which manuscripts. I don't doubt the author's correctness! But I am struggling ...
4
votes
4answers
362 views
Which translation for Revelation 5:10 is correct?
Some translations of this scripture use the pronoun "us" but other ones use the pronoun "them". The use actually changes what is going on prior to this scripture in terms of who is singing the new ...
6
votes
3answers
540 views
What does “oppositions of science falsely so called” mean?
1 Tim. 6:20(KJV) says,
"O Timothy, keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding
profane and vain babblings, and oppositions of science falsely so
called".
What does "Oppositions of ...
4
votes
1answer
71 views
Why is the KJV version of Matthew 5:44 so much longer than other Bibles?
From my search the KJV includes the phrase, "do good to them that hate you"
But that phrase doesn't seem to exist in the versions I typically use.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=...
1
vote
3answers
124 views
Why is there extra text in the KJV of 1 John 5:7?
John 5:7 (KJV)
"For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one."
1 John 5:7 (NIV)
For there are three that testify:
...
3
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3answers
93 views
Is Numbers 12:3 an interpolation?
Numbers 12:1-5 NIV
(1) Miriam and Aaron began to talk against Moses because of his Cushite wife, for he had married a Cushite. (2) “Has the Lord spoken only through Moses?” they asked. “Hasn’t he ...
1
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1answer
196 views
Textual Criticism of 2 Samuel 23:8 and 1 Chronicles 11:11
2 Samuel 23:8
אלה שמות הגברים אשר לדוד ישב בשבת תחכמני ראש השלשי הוא עדינו העצנו על־שמנה מאות חלל בפעם אחד ס
These are the names of David’s mighty warriors: Josheb-Basshebeth, a Tahkemonite, ...
1
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3answers
338 views
When is the Septuagint containing manuscript “Codex Sinaiticus” dated?
I would like to know the dating of this particular manuscript that contains Deuteronomy in the Septuagint version.
How do I find that out? I mean was it written before 3rd century BC or was it ...
4
votes
2answers
87 views
Which Tobit 1:1 genealogy is closer to the original?
What did the genealogy look like in the original version of Tobit? Did it look like the one in Vaticanus, or like the one in Sinaiticus, or neither?
Tobit 1:1:
Codex Vaticanus B —
ΒΙΒΛΟΣ ΛΟΓΩΝ ...
5
votes
2answers
190 views
Does Genesis 22:13 speak of a “single ram”, “another ram”, or “a ram behind”?
Genesis 22:13 (MT) reads:
וַיִּשָּׂ֨א אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּרְא֙ וְהִנֵּה־אַ֔יִל אַחַ֕ר נֶאֱחַ֥ז בַּסְּבַ֖ךְ בְּקַרְנָ֑יו וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אַבְרָהָם֙ וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־הָאַ֔יִל וַיַּעֲלֵ֥הוּ לְעֹלָ֖ה ...
3
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1answer
78 views
Defense of a variant of Numbers 22:5 about the location of Pethor
Numbers 22:5 (MT) reads:
וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח מַלְאָכִ֜ים אֶל־בִּלְעָ֣ם בֶּן־בְּעֹ֗ר פְּ֠ת֠וֹרָה אֲשֶׁ֧ר עַל־הַנָּהָ֛ר אֶ֥רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֖וֹ לִקְרֹא־ל֑וֹ לֵאמֹ֗ר הִ֠נֵּ֠ה עַ֣ם יָצָ֤א מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ הִנֵּ֤ה ...
4
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2answers
174 views
What factors attest Nehemiah 7:68 is, or is not original to Nehemiah?
Nehemiah 7:68, is missing from most Hebrew manuscripts. This fact suggests it was not in the autograph (original). Nevertheless, it is included in most English translations:
67 besides their male ...
10
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2answers
121 views
The confusing order of Laban's tent raids in Genesis 31:33
In Genesis 31:33 we read of Laban's search of the tents of Jacob's party:
וַיָּבֹא לָבָן בְּאֹהֶל יַעֲקֹב וּבְאֹהֶל לֵאָה וּבְאֹהֶל שְׁתֵּי
הָאֲמָהֹת וְלֹא מָצָא וַיֵּצֵא מֵאֹהֶל לֵאָה וַיָּבֹא ...
3
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1answer
132 views
Theory to explain ordering of tribes in Numbers 13
I noticed two strange things about the the listing of the tribes in Numbers 13:4-15. Firstly, the order of the tribes is as follows:
Reuben, Simon, Judah, Issachar, Ephraim, Benjamin, Zebulun, ...
3
votes
2answers
83 views
Possible Word Inversion in Romans 9:5?
I couldn't help but notice, while pondering on another question, that inverting the current word order of the Greek text of Romans 9:4-5 by replacing the final o on from the middle of verse 5 with on ...
0
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1answer
60 views
In Ephesian 5:27 what does Christ “present to himself”?
I was struck with the oddness of a groom "presenting" one's bride "to himself" as it doesn't match our culture where the father of the bride "gives away" his daughter. As I looked at this familiar ...
0
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1answer
63 views
Did Plutarch Use the Term Sabbatismos in Plutarch, De Superstitione 3, in Moralia 2. 166a
Question:
What are the actual phrases used by Plutarch, in regards to "sabbatismos / σαββατισμὸς" - in the different manuscripts of his writings, (if there is more than one reading in Greek).
How / ...
2
votes
2answers
336 views
Why does the genealogy of Jesus in Matthew (NASB) omit Admin of Luke 3:33 (NASB)?
I'm comparing both Matthew and Luke's genealogy of Jesus.
Matthew wrote this:
Ram was the father of Amminadab, Amminadab the father of Nahshon... -
Mat 1:3 (NASB)
And Luke wrote this:
the ...
1
vote
2answers
211 views
Does the Codex Sinaiticus contain the Hebrew Tetragrammaton or Greek LORD (KURIOS)?
The New King James Version uses the Tetragrammaton in the New Testament (written as +LORD [CAPS-smallcaps]) apparently it uses a Tetragrammaton source material, or it arbitrarily implies it while the ...
9
votes
3answers
278 views
Which reading is the original text of Ruth 1:2 (and other similar verses)?
As I noted in Usage of "fields of" vs. "land of" Moab in Ruth, in the first Chapter of Ruth, the term שדי/שדה מואב or "field(s) of Moab" is used to refer to the land of Moab.
In ...
7
votes
2answers
4k views
Why did Jesus call His mother “Woman”?
In John 19:26 it says,
"When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by,
whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son!"
This isn't the 1st time Jesus uses ...
8
votes
1answer
530 views
Exodus 12.40: Did it originally mention Canaan?
Just as Moses finally leads the Israelites out of slavery, Exodus 12.40 tells us how long the Israelites had lived in Egypt:
NRSV
The time that the Israelites had lived in Egypt was four hundred and ...
7
votes
4answers
162 views
“Covenant” or “covenants” in Romans 9:4?
In Romans 9:4, Paul writes (NIV):
Theirs is the adoption to sonship; theirs the divine glory, the covenants, the receiving of the law, the temple worship and the promises.
It seems that some of ...
3
votes
1answer
556 views
Why is Acts 8:37 omitted in some Bibles?
And Philip said, If thou believest with all thine heart, thou mayest. And he answered and said, I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.
-- Acts 8:37 (KJV)
Why don't some versions of Bible ...
6
votes
1answer
121 views
Were Bela and Balaam originally the same person?
Genesis 36.31-32 (NRSV)
These are the kings who reigned in the land of Edom, before any king reigned over the Israelites. Bela son of Beor reigned in Edom, the name of his city being Dinhabah.
...
