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Psalm 45:7 ASV Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; Therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee With the oil of gladness above thy fellows.
Whose fellows are the ones mentioned on both verses?
Hebrews 1:9 ASV Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; Therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee With the oil of gladness above thy fellows
There are two distinct question here so let me set out the points separately.
Ps 45 - a Bridal Psalm
There is no secret that Ps 45 appears to be a bridal psalm for Solomon when he married the princess of Tyre (V12). However, that does nor prevent, but actually requires, that the author of the psalm recall who is the true king of Israel - the God of heaven as is made abundantly clear in many places. 1 Sam 8:7, 8, 24:6, 2 Sam 19:21, 1 Chron 28:5, 29:23, 2 Chron 9:8, 13:8, Ps 5:2, 44:4.
Thus, in the midst of the psalm about the marriage of Israel's earthly king, there is a reminder, in the form of a messianic prophecy of Christ, that Solomon ruled as a deputy of the true king of Israel, Jesus Christ, as confirmed by Matt 1:1, 20, 9:27, 12:23, 15:22, 20:30, 15, 21:9, 15, Mark 10:35, Luke 1:32, 33, 18:38, 39, John 1:49, Acts 13:32-37, Heb 1:8. See also Rev 11:15, 19:16. Such a Messiah was prophesied long ago: Ex 15:18, Ps 10:16, 61:7, 68:16, 92:8, 93:5, 146:10, Isa 9:7, 47:7, Lam 5:19, Micah 4:7, etc. Compare Isa 55:3 with Acts 13:34 and John 1:49.
This is further confirmed by Heb 1:9 which quotes Ps 45:7 and applies that prophecy directly to Jesus Christ as God. Thus, it was Jesus Christ who is the one anointed.
Companions/Fellows
There have been at several interpretations of who the companions/fellows were as listed in Ps 45:7 and Heb 1:9
Clearly the immediate context of 'fellows" are the attendants to the bridegroom. But what does this mean in the case of Jesus Christ? We have the following credible options:
Therefore God exalted Him to the highest place and gave Him the name above all names, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
The answer can be found in the context. Let us look at Hebrews first.
Paul begins the chapter with Jehovah God talking about the Son. Verse 8 is the key to identifying whom the psalmist is speaking about.
but of the Son he saith, Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever; And the sceptre of uprightness is the sceptre of thy kingdom – ASV [bold mine]
Paul is quoting Psalms 45:6
Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: A sceptre of equity is the sceptre of thy kingdom. ASV
So the individual that Jehovah God "hath anointed" is Jesus Christ as Paul identifies as "the Son".
As with some of the prophetic scriptures about Jesus Christ being the Messiah, the scriptures had an application to the then present time period. The same scripture also had a future prophetic fulfillment in the Messiah.
For example, look at Psalms 69:4
They that hate me without a cause are more than the hairs of my head: They that would cut me off, being mine enemies wrongfully, are mighty: That which I took not away I have to restore. [ASV]
This verse was written by King David speaking about his situation. This verse also had a future fulfillment with Jesus Christ. (John 15:24, 25)
The same happens with Psalms 45:7 in that Jehovah God is extolling the virtues of the king. Later, Paul applies that verse as having its fulfillment in Jesus Christ.
