This is NOT a duplicate question. Though there are many who claim to read the Sensus Plenior of scripture, most produce nothing more than tired free-for-all allegory. The rules have been stated elsewhere. Strict Rules for Sensus Plenior - which is mistakenly identified as being duplicate.
What are some practical methods for unpacking it?
The Rules mentioned above can be used to validate a proposed SP solution after the fact. This question concerns the methods which can be taught and learned, to do the actual unpacking.
Sensus plenior suggests that there is a second meaning to scripture. What are the methods to tease the missing information from the same text as the literal. Sensus plenior suggests that the genre of the Bible is intentional double-entendre; which we know from other languages is built on the attribute of language, that words have more than one meaning.
How would one approach the book of Ruth, for instance, to unpack it, which would be the same approach used to unpack a single verse such as Gen 2:21.
Such methods should be able to be discerned as having plausibly been used by NT authors, since the proposition of SP is that their writings are the SP commentary on the OT.
This question is not seeking the rules as mentioned above, but particular methods. For instance:
Eliezer's rules 8, 10, 17, 21, 22, 23, 27, 31, and 32 can be simplified by the analogy of transparencies; all verses which appear to speak of the same thing are collected and laid on top of each other as one picture. The differences elucidate the topic.
Notarikon is the ancient practice of finding the essential meaning, German Gestalt, or Greek ideal metaphor of the word. Sensus plenior is specifically looking for the 'deeper' meaning, so notarikon is used to find the source idea for the word.
Gezerah shawah (analogy) Eliezer's rule 7 defines the use of analogy, synonyms, homonyms and puns. How better to unpack riddles than to use this ancient practice?
Ribbuy: The old rabbi explains how the use of the particles “et” את, “gam” גם, and “af” אף, which are superfluous, imply that something more is included. From this he says that Cain had a twin sister, and Abel was a triplet.
I would hope a answers would have an ancient source, either directly, as from Rabbi Eliezer, or by demonstrable inference in NT author's usage.
Though Eliezer may be unfamiliar by name, many expositors use his rule: When two Biblical passages contradict each other the contradiction in question must be solved by reference to a third passage.
Some abuse notarikon saying "Justified" means "Just as if I'd" never done it.