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I'm a beginner at NT Greek. I'm studying through Ephesians right now and am working on translating Ephesians 3. I get to verse 4, and I'm struggling to make any sense of how to translate it. I get the overarching sense of the verse, but the

πρὸς ὃ

Is kind of giving me fits.

Maybe I'm missing something, but it appears that the is the object of the preposition πρὸς.

I don't know of any prepositions that take the nominative case, so I'm just very confused. I assume this is a basic rule I simply haven't encountered yet, but my web searches have come up empty.

What's going on here?

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  • What about if it's accusative rather then nominative? Jun 29, 2015 at 15:32
  • @JonathanChell ’Tis ’tis. ;-)
    – Susan
    Jun 29, 2015 at 15:33
  • @Susan didn't see your answer below - looks like were typing at the same time :) Jun 29, 2015 at 15:36

1 Answer 1

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The verse:

πρὸς ὃ δύνασθε ἀναγινώσκοντες νοῆσαι τὴν σύνεσίν μου ἐν τῷ μυστηρίῳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ.

When you read this, you can perceive my insight into the mystery of Christ.(ESV)
[With reference] to which, reading, you are able to know...(my overly literal rendition)

Indeed, is the object of the preposition. That’s a relative pronoun, here declined as accusative*, neuter, singular.

  • Accusative: This marks the use of πρὸς meaning “to” or “with regard to”. (See C.III.5 at the LSJ link or 3.e.δ. in BDAG.)
  • Neuter, singular: Gender and number of the relative pronoun are normally governed by the antecedent. Here, the reference is to a previously written document alluded to in the verse 3. (“The mystery was made known to me by revelation, as I have written briefly.”) The neuter singular is frequently used for abstractions like this when there is no single word that can be identified as the antecedent.

Part of the trouble parsing this sentence may be with what follows — three verbal forms back-to-back. Keep δύνασθε + νοῆσαι together. The first is the finite verb (you are able), and νοῆσαι is an infinitive acting as its object/complement (to apprehend). The participle ἀναγινώσκοντες (reading) that is interjected between them is acting (to confuse English speakers and) as an adverb modifying that idea.**


*In your question you indicated that you thought it may be nominative. It is, in fact, morphologically identical to the nominative. Keep in mind that the nominative and accusative share a common form in the neuter gender. (I think that is always the case, but hopefully somebody will prove me wrong.)

On second thought, I wonder if you were thinking of it as the article which does sometimes function as a pronoun and would be necessarily (masculine) nominative. Note the lack of an acute accent (vs. in Eph 3:4, from the lexical form ὅς). Very confusing!

**Possibly temporal (“as you read” - as indicated in the ESV quoted) although a “means” sort of interpretation also seems possible (“by reading”). Or some conglomeration of those two ideas.

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  • As usual, your answer is quick, complete and understandable. I did, indeed, confuse with . I didn't have my Mounce/Zondervan study guide with me in the car, and I hadn't yet learned that there was a difference. I figured the "extra" accent was unimportant to the translation. Oops! I see now that it's quite obvious that is in the accusative as the object of πρὸς. Oh, there's so much to learn! Thanks for helping me (again) on my journey!
    – mbm29414
    Jun 29, 2015 at 17:24
  • 3
    Also, are you a robot? ;-) Seriously, you always answer my questions nearly instantaneously and with such full content that it amazes me. #humbled
    – mbm29414
    Jun 29, 2015 at 17:31
  • ✅ I’m not a robot.
    – Susan
    Jun 30, 2015 at 2:42
  • Not sure I believe you. 😁
    – mbm29414
    Jun 30, 2015 at 2:42
  • Great answer! I was confused by this verse just like the OP.
    – ktm5124
    Jan 17, 2018 at 21:57

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