Matthew 10:28 "And do not fear those who bring to ruin the body but cannot bring to ruin the vital breath[as it is possible for God to resurrect you]. Rather fear him who can destroyutterly destroy both the vital breath and the body in Gehinnom[thus rendering your entirety obliterated, with no way back, not even in a resurrection]."
Human beings consist of the physical(dust of the ground) and the spiritual(breath of life), which work together in harmony to createconstruct a living soul(cf. 1 Corinthians 15:45). When we die, only the physical part of us is destroyed; the spiritual is not destroyed but returns from whence it came, i.e. God(cf. Ecclesiastes 12:7, Psalm 146:4). Thus, there is hope. God can resurrect us(bring us back from the dead) by incorporating our spirit/breath of life into a functional body to contain it, thus regenerating the harmony between the physical and the spiritual.
The point Jesus was trying to make at Matthew 10:28 is that we should not fear those who have no capacity to destroy our breath of life, but rather the One(God) who alone has the capacity to do so, namely, God. That our inner consciousness(soul) remains after death is not something implied by the text whatsoever.