There was a woman in the synagogue in Luke 13:
10 On a Sabbath Jesus was teaching in one of the synagogues, 11and a woman was there who had been crippled by a spirit for eighteen years. She was bent over and could not straighten up at all.
There is a riddle in the Jerusalem Talmud, Berachot 9d:
In a town in which all the residents are priests, when they spread their hands [in the synagogue] and give the priestly blessing, who responds ‘Amen’?
The answer is
the women and children.
This implies that women and children did attend synagogue services as assumed by the Jerusalem Talmud.