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The immediate context is adultery, which occurs in the heart. The adultery enters the heart through the eye, and clears the heart through the hand. Under these circumstances, one would be ceremonially unclean only until evening (Lev 15:16-17). That is, there was no sin under these circumstances in the Law of Moses that would have required blood sacrifice ...

Matthew 5-7 is most naturally read as a single literary unit. Jesus went up to a mountainside and his disciples went with him (Matt. 5:1-2). However, by the end of the discourse we notice that the crowds are amazed by Jesus' teaching. It seems that the crowds found Jesus and the disciples. I contend that Jesus' primary audience are his disciples. At this ...

I think it all comes down to כונה, or "intention." Pharisees would do good works simply to be seen by others. The apostles and disciples of Christ would be moved by the Holy Spirit to do good works ("the fruits of the Spirit"), and these works were seen by others. Two different intentions of the heart.