Hermeneutics is the theories and methods used to interpret and translate text. Questions regarding hermeneutical approaches are questions asking about these methods or theories.
Some hermeneutical approaches include lexical-syntactical analysis, historical/cultural analysis, contextual analysis, theological analysis, and special literary analysis. Other principles exists such as the principles of innerancy, reverence, and historico-grammatical interpretation.
On this site, hermeneutics is somewhat intertwined with exegesis. See this question for a discussion of differences.
See also Wikipedia: Biblical Hermeneutics
